All posts by magzdrin

Bathia Machin

George Shepley was a confectioner who had a shop on Fargate, Sheffield around Easter of 1882. In his employment were three sisters called Bathia, Janet and Ada Machin, who all worked as domestic servants for him and his wife. Around that time, George’s wife Emma had spoken to him of her suspicions that the twenty two year old Bathia had recently put on weight and she suspected her of being pregnant. She admitted to her husband that she had spoken to the girl, but Bathia had convinced her mistress that her suspicions were groundless and the matter was dismissed for the time being. However Mrs Shepley was not convinced.

On 31 May the three sisters went to bed at the usual time in the bedroom they all shared. Bathia shared a bed with Ada and Janet slept in another bed in the same room. Nothing unusual was heard throughout the night, apart from Janet waking and hearing Bathia was being sick in the bathroom around 1.30 am. Nevertheless, Mrs Shepley was still suspicious and so on 1 June she sent for surgeon Mr F. Woolhouse and asked him to examine the girl. Sure enough he found enough evidence that Bathia had recently been confined of a child. After the surgeon left the room, Mrs Shepley asked her servant what had become of the baby and the prisoner told her that it had been born dead and she had buried it in the garden.

A search was made and the little body was quickly found, wrapped in an apron made of course sacking. Angry as she was at being deceived, Mrs Shepley allowed Bathia to stay at the confectioners until she had completely recovered, before being sent to Fir Vale Workhouse. Meanwhile an inquest on the child’s body was arranged by Coroner, Mr D Wightman to be held at the workhouse on 5 June 1882. However, as Bathia had still not recovered and was unable to attend, just formal evidence was taken. Surgeon Mr Woolhouse was asked to undertake a post mortem by the coroner before the inquest was adjourned to Tuesday 4 July.

Thankfully Bathia had completely recovered and was at the inquest in the custody of Acting Detective Jackson of the Sheffield Police Force. The first witness was the confectioner himself and Mr Shepley told the jury that the girl had worked for him for a year, as had her sisters Janet and Ada. He said that following the surgeons revelation that Bathia had recently given birth, he and the surgeon had searched all the cupboards and outbuildings attached to the property on Fargate. Both he and Mr Woolhouse described the finding of the body of the child in the ashpit.

Mr Woolhouse then spoke about the post mortem and how he had found that a wad of tissue had been pushed down into the child’s throat. He stated that in appearance the female child looked full term and well developed and there were signs that there had been air in the lungs after birth. He concluded that its death was due to suffocation caused by the tissue paper in the throat. Mrs Emma Shepley also gave evidence that over the past year she had suspected the girl had been pregnant, but when she tasked her with it, Bathia denied it twice. She repeated how she had sent for Mr Woolhouse and he discovered that Bathia had given birth recently.

At the conclusion of the inquest Mr Wightman summed up for the jury, who after a short deliberation brought in a verdict of wilful murder against Bathia Machin. He told the prisoner:

‘Bathia Machin the jury have returned a verdict of wilful murder against you. It is therefore my duty to commit you to take your trial on that charge’

The prisoner was weeping as she was escorted into a police cell at the conclusion of the inquest.

Accordingly Bathia Machin was brought before judge Mr Justice Cave in the Crown Court of the Leeds Assizes on Monday 31 July 1882. Thankfully she was defended by Mr Lawrence Gane. Mr Barker prosecuted the case and he gave details to the court. He stated that the main evidence against the prisoner was the examination by the doctor and the fact that the child had been wrapped in an apron which had been identified as the property of the prisoner. Mr Woolhouse once again repeated his evidence of the post mortem and finding the tissue in the child’s throat.

He was then cross-examined by the judge who asked him if he was sure that the piece of paper in the throat was the cause of death. However Mr Woolhouse shook his head and said that he could not say that it was the definitive cause of death. Mr Justice Cave immediately stated that after that comment that he did not see how the capital charge of murder could therefore be maintained. When the prosecution said that would be a question for the jury to decide, his lordship disagreed. He told Mr Barker ‘how can they say, not being persons of scientific skill, when the medical man himself cannot say so? They must be guided by the scientific evidence.’

The judge pointed out that to find the prisoner guilty, the jury have to have clear evidence, not only in order to prove that death was caused by the paper in the throat, but also that it was the prisoner who had put it there. Mr Barker admitted that was so and that he would withdraw the capital charge and proceed with a case of concealment of birth. Mr Gane’s line of defence was that there was no evidence to show that Bathia intended to conceal the birth from her mistress. When asked outright, she had immediately admitted giving birth without any hesitation. Nevertheless the jury found Bathia Machin guilty of concealing the birth. Mr Justice Cave summed up before sentencing the prisoner to twelve months imprisonment with hard labour.

Treatment of ‘lunatics’ in Sheffield Workhouse.

One of the biggest impacts on mental health for the people of Sheffield was the implementation of an Act of Parliament dated 1845. This stipulated that each county in Britain now had to each have their own asylum to cater for those people who were diagnosed to be insane. For Sheffield this was the South Yorkshire Asylum (later renamed the West Riding Asylum at Wadsley) built in August of 1872. These buildings were large, airy places, purposely designed so that fresh air and exercise were part of the patients regime which, it was hoped would aid to restoring them back to full health. Under this Act, these asylums were now visited and inspected on a regular basis by Inspectors or Commissioners of Lunacy.

However there was no improvement to the method of diagnosing a patients mental illness in the first place. The normal practise was usually brought to the attention of the authorities when a family member displayed any unusual symptoms. Concerned relatives would then appeal to the workhouse guardians, who requested one of their medical officer’s to assess that person. However the assessment process was very lax and informal, and usually consisted of just an observation of that individual, sometimes this was completed in the street. In many cases after such an assessment, nothing more was done for the patient as he/she was left with their family, until he/she showed more excessive traits.

The next step in the diagnosis process was that all cases of lunacy had to be reported to the local magistrates, and if they thought there was a case to answer, the patient would be referred to the workhouse officials. Those who were reported as violent, were immediately removed to the workhouse ‘lunatic’ ward, often in restraints. Sadly, despite the fact that the same Poor Law Act of 1834 clearly stated ‘no dangerous lunatic, insane person or imbecile was to be detained in workhouses for more than 14 days’ this was often ignored. As a result this gave carte blanch to workhouse masters, guardians or medical officers to detain the patient in these wards indefinitely.

They did this because the problem was, that it was cheaper for workhouse guardians to keep the person so afflicted in the workhouse ward, rather than have to pay for their support in the county asylums. To make the issue more complex, once at the workhouse, segregation from other inmates was difficult to maintain. It was a frequent complaint listed in the Guardian minute books that the people they labelled as ‘lunatics’ were kept in the same ward as twenty to thirty poor, aged people. As a result the elderly paupers were unable to sleep for the dreadful noises, ramblings or raucous singing that would often continue all night long.

This was further made problematic by the lack of paid staff, which often resulted in such afflicted persons being kept in open wards. In many cases other inmates were made to be responsible for them, sometimes with disastrous results. Sadly the treatment of lunatic patients who did enter the county asylums, were not made to be any better than that which they received in local workhouses. In August 1879 an account was published in a Sheffield newspaper giving an account of what it was like inside Wadsley Asylum. In an ‘Interesting Narrative by a Cured Patient’, the unnamed reporter describes the asylum attendant as ‘one who bids us to cease in a loud tone.

He states that if not obeyed at once, you are handled very rudely, pushed backwards and forwards and on one occasion, punched in the ribs’. The report describes an incident where the reporter threw an object at an abusive attendant:

‘I was laid hold of by two or three men and banged first against a wall and then a floor. If you make your mind up to report the attendants to the doctors, the attendant will not give you a chance to speak. You are then locked up in a dark room for as much as 12 hours. Patients who are recovering tend to be used as servants’.

Given the lack of understanding of what treatment could be metered out, it appears that the only attitude towards all lunatic patients during the Victorian period was to just keep them calm and occupied as much as possible. When it was needed, restraints or padded cells were used on the more violent patients to stop them harming themselves or others. Strict routines and diets were followed. Despite the ignorance around mental health issues, it was found to be true that many patients responded well to this type of regular regime.

Gradually, by the turn of the century however, new methods were being tried such as electric convulsive therapy and lobotomy operations. However, given the ignorance around such conditions archaic methods still continued. Cold baths were advocated for women who were described as ‘hysterical’ and scalps were shaved from both sexes in order promote a ‘cooling of the brain.’ All outdated practises which gave no long term relief to patients of either sex. Eventually there was a growth towards more moral treatment, where routine and regular prayers were found to be effective, and thankfully harsh treatment, brutal behaviour and restraints were gradually abandoned.

Attempted Murder and Suicide at Rotherham Canal.

Ellen Houghton was a forty eight year old woman who lived on Tusmore Street, Rotherham with her husband and her eight year old son called Maurice. No one knew the reason why in January 1922, she decided to end her own life and take her beloved son with her. Ellen had run an ice cream business which she sold from a stall in Rotherham Market. The business was doing alright, but it would be fair to say that Ellen had no business head on her shoulders. Consequently she continually worried about money, and whether the family would be able to manage just on her husbands wages as a labourer in order to survive the winter.

It affected her so much that she became terribly depressed. On top of this, poor Ellen had also been subject to terrible headaches, no doubt due to her constant worrying and gradually she became more and more morose. Whatever the reason, at 8 pm on Sunday 8 January she took Maurice by the hand and they went to visit her sister Eliza. However when the reached the house, Eliza was not at home, so they walked back towards Effingham Square, where mother and child boarded a tram which took them to Parkgate. When they got off the tram, Ellen told Maurice ‘I am going down here to do something.’ Still holding him by the hand they walked together to the side of the canal.

Mother and child stood at the edge of the water contemplating its murky depths, when suddenly and without warning she jumped into the water pulling Maurice with her. As she hit the water she automatically screamed at its icy depth. Thankfully her screams were heard by two brothers Harry Swift aged thirty years and his younger brother Ben aged nineteen. They were passing over the canal at the Rotherham Road Bridge. They ran towards the tow path from where the screams had emanated and there they saw two bodies in the water about eight yards away. Harry Swift saw his brother Ben immediately jump into the water and he did the same.

He swam towards the two figures and as he got close he felt the woman reach out for him. Emma took hold of Harry as he dragged her towards the edge of the canal. At some point she became unconscious and he had the greatest difficulty in pulling her out of the water. Then he saw his brother had taken hold of the young boy. Ben managed to get Maurice out of the water, but both men now saw that the woman, whose name they did not know, lay unconscious on the towpath.
Harry ran for a constable, whilst his brother did what he could to help the woman and the boy.

When Ben returned, he had with him Police Constable Green who he had found on duty in Parkgate. Thankfully by this time, the woman was beginning to come around. When P C Green asked her name, Ellen gave it to him, but she cried piteously as she said ‘I am sorry I got into this state, I am very depressed and have been for a month or more. The business worries me and I went in the water with the purpose of putting an end to it all.’ Ellen was removed to the Parkgate Police Station. To her complete shock she was charged with not only trying to commit suicide, but also on the more serious crime of attempting to murder her son, Maurice.

Upon hearing this, Ellen cried as she told the arresting officer that she did not want to kill her son. Nevertheless, on Tuesday 10 January 1922 Ellen was brought before the Rotherham Borough Court where it was reported that the prisoner had to be assisted into the courtroom by a police matron. Throughout the hearing of the evidence, she appeared to be in great distress. Holding a handkerchief to her face, she listened in horror at the events taking place before her. The Chief Constable prosecuted the case, and he relayed the gallant rescue which had taken place. PC Green told the court that thankfully the boy was now out of danger and was recovering well.

The bench consulted for a while before remanding the prisoner to Armley Gaol for eight days.
On Wednesday 18 January 1922 Ellen was brought back into court, where the first witness was her own son Maurice. The boy appeared to be very mature for his age as he gave his evidence, continually looking at his mother for re-assurance as he did so. He described the tram ride with her, before she jumped into the water pulling him in with her. The next witness was Harry Swift who told the court that he lived at Gratton Street, Kimberworth and worked as a carter. He described the rescue and said that when they saw the woman and the boy struggling in the water there was no hesitation.

He described how the prisoner had grasped him by his neck tie and he had the greatest difficulty in getting her to let go. His brother Ben then told the court that he worked as a miner and lived on St John’s Avenue, Rotherham. He corroborated his brother’s account in every detail. Then the court went completely silent as Ellen’s husband stepped forward to give his evidence. He gave his name as George Houghton and he stated that his wife Ellen had never been in any trouble before. The witness categorically said that she had never spoken to him about wanted to commit suicide, although he knew that lately she had been troubled in her mind.

In answer to one of the magistrates he said there had been no domestic troubles that he was aware of, and that as far as the family was concerned, Ellen had always been a good wife and mother. The witness said that they had always lived companionably together so this had been a total shock to him, as it had completely come out of the blue. George Houghton said that his wife ran the ice cream business well and there had been no financial debts to account for making her want to take such a drastic step as this. Finally the two Swift brothers were re-called back into court before the magistrate, Mr Hastings then addressed them and complimented them on their brave actions.

He told them:

‘I have to say that as soon as you heard the screams, you rushed to the canal and without the slightest hesitation jumped into the water, notwithstanding the cold weather. In that way you were able to bring the woman and the boy safely to the bank. I have do doubt that your heroic deed will be brought before the notice of the Royal Humane Society. I trust with the result that your bravery will be acknowledged by them.’

Ellen Houghton was brought before Commissioner, Mr A J Ashton at the West Riding Assizes at Leeds on Thursday 16 March 1922 where she was described as being ‘a frail looking woman.’ Mr Paley Scott prosecuted the case and he described the events which had taken place. He described the two young men who had risked their lives to save the woman and the boy as being ‘two men of courage and resource.’ They were the first witnesses and were followed by PC Green. He told the court that the female prisoner had always been a most respectable woman who appeared to have a happy and contented home life.

Then an unnamed Police Surgeon told the Grand Jury that the prisoner had suffered from acute mental depression and loss of memory whilst she had been in custody in Armley Gaol. He said that in his opinion she did not quite know what she was doing at the time. Then incredibly, it was turn for little Maurice Houghton to give his evidence, where he was described as being ‘a rosy cheeked little boy of eight.’ Looking older than his years, the young witness seemed bright and intelligent for his age. To put him at his ease, Mr Commissioner Ashton moved nearer to him.

The boy described what had happened and said that his mother ‘looked funny’ at the time. He said how he cried out when he was pulled into the water, but he did not remember anything else.
The jury took quite some time to deliberate on this most difficult case as it was later confirmed that they could not bring in a majority verdict. Finally they succeeded in returning a verdict that Ellen Houghton was not guilty of the charge of attempted murder, but she was guilty of attempting suicide. They also adding a strong recommendation for mercy. Thankfully the Commissioner also took the same view, as he told Ellen that she would be bound over for twelve months.

Thankfully, the two Swift brothers’ courage was also not forgotten. On the evening of Friday 28 April 1922 the Mayoress of Rotherham, Mrs K W Fieldsend presented them both with Certificates from the Royal Humane Society. It was stated that at the point that the two young men entered the water to save mother and son, the canal was, seven feet deep and 60 feet wide. The newspaper reported said that ‘great credit was due to the rescuers, who in addition to the certificates had each been awarded £1 each.’ So ends the tragic story of Ellen Houghton, it is hoped that she lived out the rest of her life free from worry with her beloved son Maurice.

MURDER AND SUICIDE AT HIGHFIELDS

Indeed the only incident which had been reported at Highfields Police Station on Boxing Day of 1885 was when a request came in for a drunken man to be removed from the premises of a respectable house. It was rented by an elderly couple Mr and Mrs Stevenson in Holland Place, Highfield Road. It seems that an abusive man was creating a disturbance outside the premises, after possibly celebrating the season too well. Two constables, PC’s Richards and Collins, were dispatched, but they soon returned back to the station to report that by the time they arrived, the man had gone. Thankfully by this time PC Prosser’s shift had ended, and he was soon joined by his son, also called Charles, as the pair began to walk home together.

Suddenly as they got to St Barnabas’s Road they heard a shout of ‘watch, watch’ coming from the direction of Atkin Place. Wondering who would be calling out for a watchman at that time of night, the two men headed there as quickly as they could. PC Prosser arrived first and as he reached the corner, he saw a woman running towards Highfield Place screaming out ‘murder’ as loud as she could. Behind her, on the ground was the body of a fifty four year old man who was struggling in a pool of blood! Prosser ran towards the woman and stopped her in her tracks, whilst his son approached the man on the ground.

Pulling her to a standstill, the officer saw that she had a dreadful gash in her throat, although thankfully she was still able to talk. She told him that her name was Mrs Emma Hives and her husband was the injured man on the floor. She claimed that he had tried to kill her that night by stabbing her in the throat. Just then, Prosser’s son shouted out to his father to come and help as he was struggling with the man on the ground. Approaching the pair the constable saw John Hives was desperately trying to pull open up the wound in his throat. Taking charge, Prosser directed his son to take the badly injured woman to the nearby surgery of Dr O Meara.

However when the younger man and the injured woman reached the surgery, they found the doctor was away from home. Prosser junior instantly called a cab and had the injured Mrs Hives taken to the hospital. Meanwhile, his father continued to desperately struggle with John Hives, trying to hold down both his hands in order to prevent him from injuring himself further. Finally in desperation, the officer gave several blasts on his police whistle, which was heard by Police Sergeant Walsh who was nearby on London Road, Sheffield. He rushed to the scene, and once there gathered several clean towels from neighbours who by now had gathered. These were held to the injured man’s throat and eventually stemmed the bleeding.

The sergeant and Constable Prosser were soon joined by Police Constable Richards, who had also had a busy night. He told them that he had firstly been sent to the fracas at Holland Road to remove the ‘drunk’ but when he arrived was told that the man and his wife had since left the scene. That officer had then gone back to Highfield’s Police Station to report the incident, before resuming his shift. Upon hearing the police whistle, he had rushed to the scene at Atkin Place and helped to transport the injured man to the station. Only at that point did he realise that John Hives had been the drunken man creating the scene in Holland Road. The Sergeant in charge had ordered him to be taken to the hospital, and he too was taken there in a cab. Another constable was stationed by his bedside, until he regained consciousness.

PC Prosser meanwhile was dispatched back to Atkins Place which he searched with the aid of a lantern. There he quickly found the knife which had caused the two peoples injuries. The weapon was described as being a moderately sized pocket knife which when opened, still held bloodstains on the blade. Although the blade itself was not very sharp, it was noted that it came to a sharp point at the end, making a dagger like effect. Both Mr and Mrs Hives were kept in hospital and it was not until 2 January that they were both considered to be out of danger and allowed to be discharged. Police enquiries soon established that up to a year previously, John Hives had been a respectable married man with good employment as a labourer.

He and his wife had lived at Sharrow, however, since that time, Hives had taken to drinking more than was good for him. Eventually, he and his wife Emma separated, she moving in with a married daughter, whilst he found lodgings where he could. Mrs Hives immediately sought to find herself respectable employment and she soon obtain a post of nurse to an aged couple Mr and Mrs Stevenson of Holland Road, Sheffield. Occasionally her husband would come to the house of her employers and she would give him money to get rid of him.

However she had recently told him that she would no longer supply him with any more money and that he needed to get a job, which infuriated him. That was the reason Hives threatened to kill her and himself. On the night in question he had gone to his wife’s place of employment and demanded to see her. He was allowed inside, whereupon Hives insisted that she leave with him, claiming that Emma was ‘his property.’ When the elderly Mr Stevenson ejected him, Hives stayed in the yard shouting abuse and that was when a call was put in to Highfield’s Police Station to remove the drunken man and PC Richards was dispatched.

However, that officer found that after the call to the police station had been made, Emma had gone outside to speak to her husband and beg him to leave. The only way she could get him to go was by agreeing to accompany him. Consequently, as the couple were walking along Atkin Place, Hives stabbed her and tried to cut his own throat. Once at the hospital, daily reports were issued on the couple, as both lives were thought to be in imminent danger. Finally, Emma Hives started to recover although on Thursday 7 January 1886, John Hives died from his wounds. Subsequently an inquest was held on the body on Saturday 9 January at the hospital by Coroner Mr D Wightman.

He told the jury that at the time of his death, the deceased had been living rough in Sheffield and had no fixed abode. Emma Hives was the first witness and she explained that she did not live with her husband, due to his dissolute habits. She said that on the night in question, John had told her that he had been ‘walking the streets since Christmas Eve’ and begged her to come and live with him again. However she once again refused. Suddenly, and without any warning, he put his arm around her, as Emma thought to give her a kiss. That was when she felt the knife slice into her throat. The witness described how they both fell to the floor and when she looked at him again she saw the pool of blood.

The witness told the coroner that she had often thought that her husband was not exactly sane, particularly when he had been drinking. However that night she was convinced that he was ‘off his head’ completely. Police Constable Prosser was the next to give evidence and he described the terrible events of the evening. Emma’s employer. Mr Stevenson told the inquest that Emma Hives had been employed as nurse at his house for the past six weeks. He too described the deceased man as being ‘dangerous and wild’ on the night in question.

Mr Wightman, after hearing all the evidence, told the jury:

‘I do not think you will have much difficulty in coming to a decision on the evidence you have just heard. It is almost a miracle that we are not holding two inquests today instead of one, for the deceased had seemed determined to cut his wife’s throat as well as his own. There is no doubt in my mind that either through drink or trouble, or a combination of causes, the deceased man’s mind had been affected. In considering your verdict you must take that into account.’

The jury retired for a short while, before returning a verdict of ‘suicide during a state of temporary insanity’ was returned. As people filed out from the inquest at its conclusion, I have little doubt that Police Constable Charles Prosser amongst others, would remember the dreadful events which they had witnessed that night, for the rest of their lives.

AN ACCOUNT BY A ROTHERHAM ‘LUNATIC AT LARGE’

ON WADSLEY ASYLUM.

Throughout the nineteenth century, many undercover journalists were writing about the lives of the poor working classes. The subjects they chose to cover were often controversial ones such as ‘A night in the Vagrant Ward of the Workhouse’ underlining the kinds of situations which drove people to sink to such depths. In this case this account was from an anonymous Rotherham reporter, simply calling himself ‘a vagrant journalist.’ His account, which was printed in the Sheffield and Rotherham Independent dated Saturday 5 December 1874, reveals an appalling attitude towards the inmates of the asylum. Using language, which would thankfully not be acceptable today, it does reflect societies attitudes of the period.

It seems that this unnamed reporter had been sent by his editor to visit Wadsley Asylum where the patients would receive treatment. I use the word ‘treatment’ advisedly as there simply was no treatment, apart from locking up the inmate in order to keep him or her safe and unable to harm themselves or others. Upon his arrival, the journalist states that he was courteously met by the Asylum Superintendent, Dr Mitchell on the steps of the building. The superintendent shook his hand and, to his surprise dealt with the reporter with much reverence. He stated that the superintendent treated him as if he was an official visitor, such as one of the a Commissioners for Lunacy, who were appointed to inspect all Yorkshire asylums.

Indeed the respect Dr Mitchell showed him he says, made him feel like he was an important Visiting Justice of the Peace or indeed a Guardian of the Rotherham or Sheffield Workhouse. The journalist states that Dr Mitchell informed him that the asylum was divided into three blocks, which were capable of holding up to 800 patients. Inviting him inside, he showed him that the central block comprised of reception rooms, administration rooms and kitchens. To the left were the women’s wards and the laundry, and to the right were the men’s dining rooms and workshops.

Dr Mitchell appeared happy to show the journalist around and they went first to the women’s ward. The superintendent told him that this section held 344 patients at that time and they were scattered among rooms of various sizes and shapes. The reporter says that all the rooms appeared to be cheerful, warm and comfortable. However, then his negative attitude towards the inmates began to creep through his account. The journalist wrote ‘the cleanliness was surprising, especially when we remember how dirty are the habits of some of the poor creatures, and how disorderly have been their homes.’ The report described how the walls were hung with bright coloured pictures and how ‘the decorations were simple, but cheerful.’

However, then the reporter writes ‘many of the women are old and most of them are ugly.’ He describes ‘one old crone of nearly 80, who was crouched on the floor by the fireside, poking among the cinders. It seems that she ‘resolutely declined the use of a chair.’ The report continues on how he was then approached by ‘another dame of portly build and voluble tongue who came forward with a letter. She told him that she was writing to the Queen asking her to instruct the superintendent that she should be released. The journalist concluded that ‘it needed no expert to tell that she was mad as a March hare.’

However he does admit that many others were sitting quietly in chairs and sofas, sewing or gazing vacantly about them. His description of the sick wards, which he said ‘were gratifying to think how much better the patients were tended and lodged than they could ever have been in their own homes.’ He states ‘the inmates, who were mostly old women reclining in their beds, seem to be held up only by the hook of their noses from slipping down under the bedclothes.’ The reporter was then taken into the men’s ward where his negative descriptions continued.

He said that at the time Dr Mitchell told him that there were only 259 patients in residence, which was much less that the inmates of the women’s wards. However, here he described the rooms as being much different to the women’s wards:

not only because these men differ in their habits from women, but because their dress is more sombre and untidy even though their faces are more repulsive. They talked much less, although mischief lurked in many a man’s eye.’

Dr Mitchell then proudly took our intrepid reporter through the men’s dining rooms where the inmates were dining on boiled bacon, potatoes and turnips. They entered the kitchens where the journalist recorded that he saw potatoes steaming, and porridge, tea and coffee being prepared in huge cauldrons. He was invited to taste the beer which the superintendent told him costs something in the region of 6d a gallon to produce. The reporter said that after tasting the alcohol ‘that it was not likely to make drunkards of anyone.’

Moving into the asylum workshops, he described two boilers which were constantly in use to provide hot water for heating, washing and cooking. The workers in the bakery were also in the process of making their daily batch of 200 loaves of bread. These Dr Mitchell boasted, were made completely by machinery and that the dough ‘never touched human hands until it comes out of the oven as loaves and is carried to the racks to cool.’ The reporter noted that during the visit, painters were busy painting scenery for a play which was to be performed for the inmates later that evening. He states that the audience was made up of both ‘sane and insane in unequal proportions.’

Nevertheless, this patronising report by the ‘vagrant journalist’ described his favour of the progressive attitude of the Wadsley Asylum staff. He says ‘now the old ideas of a straight jacket, the dark cell and chain are exploded, because the keepers actually think it desirable to amuse the unfortunates committed to their care.’ He concluded:

‘I must express my conviction that the Wadsley Asylum is an institution for the county to be very proud of. Its management is such as to reflect the highest credit on all concerned. So long as the insane are to be provided for in this way, this is the sort of retreat they should have.’

Mary Elizabeth Mallinson

On the night of Tuesday 24 September 1901 the body of a newly born child was found in an ashpit of a house at Pitsmoor, Sheffield. The body was wrapped in a brown paper parcel and was lying in a pool of water. It was removed to the Mortuary and the Sheffield City Coroner, Mr Kenyon Parker was informed. He arranged for an inquest to be held on the child at the Mortuary on Friday 27 September to which there was only one witness, a woman called Mary Coulton. She told the coroner that she lived with her husband William in a court off Pitsmoor Road, Sheffield where the child’s body had been found.

The witness said that she believed that the child had belonged to her sister-in-law, a woman called Mary Elizabeth Mallinson who had been pregnant. Although she was, at that time, an inmate at Firvale workhouse infirmary. When the coroner asked her if her sister-in-law was married, the witness said that she was, however she explained that her husband had gone to America the previous year in July 1900, and nothing had been heard from him since. Mrs Coulton stated that thirty year old Mary Elizabeth had been staying with her for the last three weeks and although she seemed poorly, the woman refused to see a doctor.

The witness told the coroner that she suspected that Mary Elizabeth was pregnant, but when she asked her if she was, her sister-in-law denied it. Coulton said that in the end, she had consulted her parents who had made arrangements for their daughter to be admitted to the Firvale workhouse on the previous Saturday 21 September. It was the following Tuesday that the body of the child had been found in Mrs Coulton own ashpit, situated in the yard off Pitsmoor Road. The coroner said that it was impossible to continue the inquest until he could arrange for the attendance of the supposed mother and so he adjourned the inquest until Monday 28 October 1901.

When the inquest was re-opened Mary Elizabeth Mallinson was in attendance along with her defence solicitor, Mr L E Emmett. Inspector Healey of the Sheffield Police Force was also present. He described the condition of the body when it was brought to the Sheffield Mortuary where surgeon, Dr Walter Hallam had been asked to undertake a post mortem. He was the next witness and told the inquest that the body had proved to be that of a fully developed male child. He did certain tests which proved that the baby had led a separate existence from his mother after birth. Dr Emmett said the nose was in a flattened position and he found extravasation of blood coming from the nostrils.

Internally the surgeon found some of the organs to be much congested and there was fluid in the left side of the heart. When the coroner asked him for his opinion on how the child had died, Dr Hallam told him that the cause of death was suffocation. The coroner summed up for the jury and he told the jury that if they thought that the case was satisfactorily proved, then the verdict must be wilful murder or manslaughter against Mrs Mallinson. The jury took only a short while to return a verdict that:

‘The deceased had been found dead on 24 September, having died from suffocation. But as to how it was caused there was not sufficient evidence to show.’

Mrs Mallinson was then taken into custody by the inspector charged with concealment of birth and ordered to take her trial at the next Assizes. On Wednesday 4 December the prisoner was brought before judge, Mr Justice Ridley at the West Riding Assizes held at Leeds Town Hall. She pleaded guilty before the prosecution, Mr H Wilson outlined the details of the case for the jury. He stated that the prisoner had stayed for a while with her brother and his wife at the house on Pitsmoor Road but had always denied that she was pregnant. On September 18 she had been seen by a doctor and on 22 of that month, she was removed to the Firvale Workhouse, where she was examined by the medical officer.

He concluded that during his examination he had found that she had recently been delivered of a child within the last twenty four hours. Inspector Healey searched the premises of the prisoners brother on 24 September and that was when the body of the child had been found in the ashpit. Mary Elizabeth’s defence counsel Mr J Andrews described how his client had been deserted by her husband the previous year, shortly after they had been married. Since that time Mary Elizabeth had become pregnant although no one knew who the father was. In order to hide her shame the prisoner had told no one that she was pregnant, but it had left her with the dilemma of having to rid herself of the child after it had been born.

Mr Andrews told the court that the prisoner had expressed great remorse for what she had done.
Her father was the next witness and he stated an intention to have his daughter live with him if she was liberated. He told the court that his daughter had always been an honest and upright woman, but had been devastated when her husband deserted her. Mr Justice Ridley told the court that he had great sympathy for the prisoner and therefore he would sentence her to just two days imprisonment. As Mary Elizabeth had already been in custody awaiting her trial for the last few weeks, she was immediately released into her fathers care.

The Besotted Lover.

Joseph Turner, a collier of Hesley Lane, Thorpe Hesley, near Rotherham was very pleased with life in the first few months of 1882. He was just twenty three years of age and was satisfied with his job and the friends he had made, both at work and in the local public house which he regularly visited. The landlord William Stockdale not only sold excellent beer, but Turner had also been attracted by the landlady, Maria there. The couple had recently started a secret, romantic alliance and Turner became quite besotted with her. After some time, they talked about eloping together and going to live in Sheffield and he was quite keen to pursue this.

However her husband Stockdale was a man who was very careful with his money, so when he realised that he could get more interest by investing the £60 he already had with the Sheffield Co-operative Society elsewhere, he decided to act. Subsequently Stockdale withdrew the money and gave it to his wife, Maria to invest for him. She thought that the money would be better spent giving herself and Turner a good start on their own illicit lifestyle in Sheffield. So on January 1882 she gave it to him to put it into the Post Office Savings Bank at Chapeltown. However instead of investing the money as instructed, Turner hid the money in a wall at Scholes.

Needless to say, when the crime came to light Turner denied any knowledge of the stolen money. On Friday 3 February 1882 he was brought before the Rotherham magistrates charged with the theft of £60. Mr Parker Rhodes prosecuted the case and outlined the facts for the bench. Turner’s defence was Mr H Hickmott who claimed that his client had been given the £60 by Maria Stockdale in order to allow them both to elope to Sheffield together. The prisoner denied this and stated instead that he had been given the money by Stockdale’s wife as a gift. The solicitor closely cross examined Maria Stockdale, who denied any truth in the accusation that she had been intimate with the prisoner, or that she had given him the money to invest in the Post Office.

Police Constable Powell described arresting Turner and told the court that at the time he had asked the prisoner if he had anything to say in response. He had simply said:

‘I have not got it. I will go with you because I know that I am innocent. The prosecutor’s [Stockdale] wife came to me and told me that she and her husband had a row, and she wanted me to go away with her, but I said I should not do so.’

After hearing the evidence, Turner was remanded for a week, but when Mr Hickmott applied for bail, it was refused. On 8 February a visitor to the police station where Turner was held in custody appeared. He gave the name of Robert Durant and stated that he was a friend of the prisoner and he also worked with him at the same colliery at Thorpe Hesley. He told one officer that he wanted to see Turner and make a clean breast of the whole affair. The miner stated that he knew where the money was hidden and asked for a constable to accompany him to the place to recover it.

Accordingly, Police Constable’s Pilmore and Durant went to a place called Scholes Coppice and found the money concealed in a mustard tin in a cavity of the wall adjoining the coppice. On the way there Durant had told the officer that Turner had told him that Mrs Stockdale had wanted to elope with him. When they got back to the police station, the prisoner was informed that PC Pilmore had recovered the cash and he charged Joseph Turner with stealing the money. In reply the prisoner again accused Mrs Stockdale of giving him the money. He said that:

‘We were walking on the road together and we were both fresh [tipsy] She told me to put the £60 in the bank in my own name, and then she would get some more, and then we would go away together.’

The following week the case was re-opened on Friday 10 February and the prosecution Mr Parker Rhodes stated that Turner had been a regular visitor to the public house at Thorpe Hesley which the Stockdale’s ran. He had been considered a close friend by the landlord, who had no idea of the intimacy which had developed between the prisoner and his own wife. Mr Rhodes stated that Turner had never either produced the cash or produced a bank book to prove he had invested the money as instructed. The prisoners defence counsel at this point asked the bench if they were going to send his client to the Assizes because if they were, he would reserve his defence.

One of the magistrates thought that the case had been proven, but another member of the bench disagreed. He felt that the prisoner had merely acted foolishly and that the blame should be laid at the feet of the prosecutors wife. She had incited him to commit this act and had acted very foolishly by doing so. As a result Joseph Turner was sent to take his trial at the next Assizes, and he was therefore conducted back to the cells below. Then there was seen some humour in the courtroom. Mr Rhodes applied for the £60 to be returned back to the prosecutor [Stockdale] which was agreed. The Mayor told the landlord that he hoped he would take better care of his money in the future. Mr Stockdale told him ‘she wont have it again!’ to which there was laughter in the courtroom.

On Saturday 8 April 1882 Turner was brought before the West Riding Assizes at Wakefield where his defence claimed that his client no felonious intent on his behalf. He stated that Turner felt that he had personally been given the money by his lover, Maria Stockdale. His employer, the manager of Messrs Newton Chambers and Co., gave the prisoner an excellent character and told the court that he had been employed by them for the past thirteen years and his record had been exemplary up to that point. Colonel Brooke told Turner that:

‘In consequence of the good character from your employers, the Court has determined to treat this case more leniently than we otherwise would have done. Nevertheless you have been found guilty of the most disreputable and atrocious crime.’

He then sentenced Joseph Turner to four months imprisonment with hard labour.

The Brightside Poisoning Case

George Beeston left his thirty two year old wife Edith around 4.50 pm to go to his work at Messrs John Brown and Co. He was a twenty eight year old fitter by trade and that week he had started working night shifts. The couple had only been married for five years, but it had to be said that they were not happy together. Beeston assumed this was the reason for Edith’s low spirits as he left her on that Thursday evening. However he had also mentioned earlier that he intended to volunteer for service in the Boer War, which was taking place in South Africa at the time. He told her that he would like to volunteer as an ambulance driver, another reason which he assumed had added to his wife’s unhappiness.

Upon find the woman was deceased, Detective Officer Flint ordered the body to be removed to the mortuary and the City Coroner, Mr D Wightman was informed. He arranged an inquest to be held at the Normanton Inn on Grimesthorpe Road, Sheffield on Saturday 20 January 1900. The first witness was the same detective who told the jury that he had been attached to the Burngreave Division. He described how Beeston had rushing into the station and how he accompanied him back to his house and found his dead wife. The officer told the coroner that the police were at that point making enquiries at local chemists and pharmacies in order to establish where the woman had purchased the bottle of laudanum from.

George Beeston appeared to be very pale and haggard at the enquiry, which was not a lengthy one. Evidence was simply taken from him as to the identification of the body and a post mortem was ordered by Mr Wightman. Then he adjourned the inquest to the following Friday. Accordingly on Friday 26 January, the inquest was reconvened once again at the Normanton Inn and a local solicitor, Mr Neal appeared to watch the proceedings on behalf of Edith Beeston’s father. Inspector Smith of the Brightside Division also attended on behalf of the police force. Almost the first enquiries the coroner asked the Inspector was if had discovered how the deceased woman had obtained the laudanum.

The officer stated that his enquiries had established that the purchase of the liquid had finally been traced it back to a local chemist called Mr F Sheldon of Hanover Street, Sheffield. However the scent had stopped there, as the chemist had no records of who he had sold it to. Inspector Smith assured Mr Wightman that he had visited several chemist and druggist in the city, but no one could remember selling it to a Mrs Beeston. Then it was the turn of George Beeston to give his evidence of finding his wife dead in bed. He readily admitted to the jury that his marriage had not been a happy one on both sides.

At this Mr Neal quietly charged the witness if it had been true that he had once tried to stab his wife on a previous occasion? However George Beeston shook his head and outright denied the charge. Nevertheless the solicitor was not going to take this as an answer, and closely cross-examined him on the subject. He said to him ‘will you pledge [swear] that you have never stabbed her or that you do not remember stabbing her.’ Beeston admitted that he did not remember ever stabbing his wife. However Mr Neal was relentless. He asked Beeston if he remembered Edith’s father also asking him if he had stabbed his daughter.

Finally George admitted that he had in fact done so about a week previous to her death. Mr Neal then asked him if he remembered her father bringing a dress with him which clearly had a stab hole in it. At first Beeston denied it and then cried out ‘Oh God in Heaven help me!’

Satisfied, Mr Neal then went in for the kill!

He asked the witness if he had ever been cruel to his wife from time to time and Beeston replied that ‘I may have been’ but he added that Edith had spoken harshly to him too. Mr Neal, now sick of the witnesses prevarications, asked him if it was within the same week as her death that he had stabbed her, to which Beeston admitted that ‘if I had done so, I would have been immediately penitent afterwards.’ At this point Mr Wightman asked the witness if his wife had been a healthy woman, Beeston said that she was not and she had often complained of pains in her head for which she had resorted to taking medicine. Beeston also said that she had taken some laudanum when she had a cough.

The witness admitted that he was aware that his wife took the medicine from time to time and on one occasion told him that it had made her sleepy, but again he could not remember what day she had told him that. The coroner then told the jury that the inquest would have to be adjourned as no further evidence was available and therefore the police enquiries would continue. Mr Wightman also urged Detective Flint to try to established how the deceased woman had purchased the bottle of laudanum, as that might lead to a resolution, to which the officer agreed.

He then told the jury that:

‘I have never known a more contemptible man than the husband and I feel sure that you will all feel the same. The very fact that his wife was found with the bottle of laudanum close to her side and the fact that she had recently quarrelled with her husband, made it expedient to institute further enquiries. Of course you, the jury may put a little reliance on the man’s evidence, but I would not place any reliance on him whatever. Whenever he was asked a question that made him at all uncomfortable he had invariably ‘forgotten’ all about it.’

The following day Beeston’s suspicious conduct was the talk of the city, so much so that by the time the inquest was resumed on 9 February 1900, he had his own solicitor, Mr A Muir Wilson who was defending him. However little new evidence was heard and the coroner eventually stated that that he didn’t think they could progress the matter any further. He advised the members of the jury therefore to leave the matter in the hands of the police. Then, if any further evidence was forthcoming, they would be responsible for taking the case before the magistrates. Accordingly, an open verdict was recorded ‘that the deceased died from poisoning by laudanum, but by whom administered and for what purpose, there was not sufficient evidence to show.’

Had George Beeston actually killed his wife Edith, or had she taken the laudanum herself? What do you think?

Poisoning at Masborough.

Mr George Jackson was a farmer at Masborough and so he was delighted in September 1864 when he hired a young domestic servant girl at the Sheffield Fair. His wife Elizabeth had asked him to look out for someone young enough who she could mould to her ways. So when he spotted an eighteen year old girl, he hired her on the spot. Her name was Ann Sherdin and she was so excited at her new position. As she travelled back to Rotherham with the farmer, she asked him a lot of questions about his wife and the kinds of work she would have to undertake. As George had no real idea of what his wife would expect, he just told her some light housework and to look after her.

Ann was delighted when she saw the farm which was quite big and looked very prosperous, so she could hardly wait to meet her new mistress. However, after meeting her she quickly changed her mind. Elizabeth Jackson proved to be a most demanding mistress who insisted that the housework should be done in a very particular way. So when the girls work did not meet her high expectations she chided Ann and called her names. She would also threaten that she would take some money out of her wages until the work was done to her complete satisfaction. Poor Ann felt that she would never be able to satisfy her mistress, but as she had been hired for a year at the fair, she could not leave.

There seemed to be no way out of her dilemma by Christmas of 1864, when she came to a most drastic decision. Elizabeth Jackson had been downstairs the day before and had complained bitterly to Ann about the neglectful way she had cleaned the living room. She also complained to her husband and criticised him for having hired the girl in the first place. One of the first tasks that Ann undertook every morning was that she would serve her mistress breakfast in bed, before going downstairs to light the fire in the drawing room. Accordingly, on the morning of Friday 29 December there was a timid knock on the bedroom door before Ann carried in a huge tray containing a silver teapot and china crockery, which she placed on a table at the side of the bed.

Elizabeth had always insisted in pouring out the tea for herself, so as Ann left the room she poured the tea into the cup followed by cream and sugar. However as she tasted the tea, she found it to be quite bitter. Elizabeth then tried some of the cream and found that was the source of the bitter taste. Consequently when George came upstairs some time later, his wife got him to taste the tea and the cream and he too found it not as it should be. He then went downstairs, into the kitchen where he accused Ann of attempting to poison her mistress. The girl shook her head and denied it, but the next day, a Friday, she left the farm without anyone giving her notice.

The Rotherham police were informed and Ann was arrested before being brought before the magistrates on the morning of Monday 16 January 1865 at the Rotherham Court House. Thankfully she was defended by Mr Whitfield. The prosecution described the events at the farm before Elizabeth Jackson gave her own account. Cross examined, the witness stated that the cream jug was one that she regularly used and was kept in a cupboard in the kitchen for that purpose. Elizabeth described how it would be Ann’s responsibility to to take the cream from the top of the milk in the cellar where it was kept. She told the court that after accusing her servant, she had locked the cream jug in a cupboard.

The witness described how on the Friday evening she was visited by a friend called Ann Armitage and she produced the cream and asked her friend to taste some of it. It was immediately obvious that it was not as it should be. Elizabeth said she gave the jug to Mrs Armitage and asked her to take it to a doctor called Mr Saville in order to have it tested for poison. The witness admitted that they had sometimes had problems with rats on the farm and consequently usually kept some poison in the cellar called ‘Battles Vermin Killer.’ She told the bench how her husband usually bought it from Davies Chemist in Bridgegate, and described how he would occasionally spread it on a piece of bread and butter and leave it in the cellar in order to kill the rats.

Mr Jackson was the next to give evidence that he had used some of the same cream earlier that morning in his coffee and detected nothing wrong with it at the time. He was followed by Mr Saville who stated that he had been attending to Mrs Jackson before he was given the cream to analyse. The surgeon described how he had tested the cream and found some blue powder crystals in it. Incredibly he gave some to a small kitten before watching it convulse in pain before it died. He also sent a sample of the cream to another local doctor, Mr Shearman to test and he was the next witness. He confirmed the fact that there had been strychnine poison in the cream.

Police Constable Burgin of Rotherham police force, described how he had arrested Ann Sherdin on Tuesday 10 October before the defence Mr Whitfield stated his case. He said that after listening to all the evidence, he declared that there was not one person who had witnessed his client putting the poison into the cream or administering it to Mrs Jackson. However the magistrates thought differently and ordered the prisoner to take her trial at the next Assizes. Consequently Ann Sherdin was brought before judge, Mr Justice Willes on Wednesday 30 March 1865.

Thankfully, although the same evidence was heard from the same witnesses, the judge found the prisoner not guilty and Ann Sherdin was discharged. It was clear that the only motive that could be suggested for Ann’s actions was that her mistress had chided her for not cleaning the house properly the day before. However, as no one had seen her doing it, and it was purely her mistresses word again hers, Mr Justice Willes had no option but to stop the trial. But the question remained. Had this eighteen year old servant girl taken her revenge on her querulous mistress by poisoning the cream?

A Most Puzzling Occurrence.

On Monday 13 January 1873 an official of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railways
was most surprised to be handed a box addressed to a ‘Mr William Jones, 18 Sorby Street, Sheffield, Yorkshire.’ It had been found in a railway carriage when a passenger arrived at the Victoria Station, Sheffield the previous Saturday. Accordingly the box was taken to the address the following day by an employee of the Railway Company. He found that there was indeed a man of that name living there, although he was also known as William Towns. He was not at home at the time, so the railway employee requested the person who opened the door, to let Mr Jones know that the package was ready for collection.

Accordingly William Towns collected the parcel on Wednesday 15 January. Puzzled as to who could have sent him the parcel which was postmarked from Retford, Towns (otherwise Jones) opened the parcel and just underneath the lid he found a letter which he opened and it said:

‘Well William,
I have sent you this box and I hope you will carefully examine it and put it away respectfully as you have behaved so bad to me. By the time you get this box I will have left Retford and I hope never to see you again. It died as it was born. You are the cause of all my misery, but I hope God will provide something for me. You will never prosper. I have sent you many a letter, but you wont answer. You promised me money.’

Underneath this was something wrapped in a blanket which Towns dare not open. So he had no option but to notify the Sheffield police authorities and to ask them to come and open the box as he was afraid as to what he might find inside. When he was questioned, Towns stated categorically that he knew of no person in Retford or anywhere else for that matter, who could have done this. Accordingly the police were called and they asked for two neighbours to also witness the opening of the box. Two neighbours entered the house, although Towns remained at the door of the room, unwilling to come any closer.

To the watchers horror, inside wrapped in a blanket was the dead body of a newly born, female child. The body was immediately taken to the police office, and an inquest was arranged by the Sheffield Coroner, Mr J Webster Esq. When he opened the enquiry which took place on Friday 17 January 1873 at the police office on Castle Green, the first witness was William Towns himself. He described collecting the box and signing for it when he went to collect it. The delivery book was passed around the members of the jury and the signature ‘W Jones’ was clearly to be seen. Towns was asked by the coroner why had he signed the book ‘William Jones?’ But he could not give a reason for doing this, apart from the fact that the parcel had been addressed in that name.

The next to give evidence was the clerk at the railway office, Mr Charles Collins. In reply to one of the jury, Collins stated that the parcel could have been left in the railway carriage anywhere. as the train had stopped at several stations such as Lincoln and Hull en route to Sheffield. The police surgeon, Mr Woolhouse told the inquest that he had made a post mortem of the little body and found it to be a normal, full term child. He said that he had firstly examined it externally, but had found no marks of violence or negligence upon the little body.

However the surgeon said that internally he had found evidence that the child had breathed after being born. Mr Woolhouse said one lung had been fully inflated and the other appeared to be partially so. He also added that there was evidence that a professional midwife must have attended at the birth. Mr Webster asked him if he could see any evidence as to how the child had met its death, but Mr Woolhouse stated that he could not account for it. At this point the inquest was then adjourned for a fortnight until 31 January in order for police enquiries to continue.

When the inquest was re-opened Mr Webster stated that the Chief Constable had made enquiries about the case in all directions, but without any success. However, his enquiries with the railway company had led him to believe that the parcel had originated from Nottingham. The main witness once again, was Towns himself, but his account left more questions than answers. The coroner told the jury that after the last inquest, the witness Towns had been interviewed by the Chief Constable and afterwards he left Sheffield for Nottingham where he arrived in the early hours of the Sunday morning. Then he had left Nottingham at noon on the Monday and returned back to Sheffield.

Mr Webster therefore asked the witness why he had gone to Nottingham in the first place, but all he got in reply were even more evasions. Towns however did admit that he had once lived in Nottingham for about five months. At this point the coroner confronted the witness and accused him of being the father of the dead child, which Towns adamantly denied. When he was asked if he lived with his wife, the witness stated that he had not lived with her for the past two years. Nevertheless Towns denied that he had lived with any other woman either.

Mr Webster cross-examined the witness and asked him many other questions, all of which he denied. However some of the police enquiries revealed that when the witness went to Nottingham he had called at the house of a Mrs Denham, who lived in Rancliffe Street, Nottingham. A juryman asked Towns if he had received any letters from this woman and the witness admitted that he had, but had burned them all afterwards. Despite making out that he had nothing to do with Mrs Denham Towns admitted that he had twice recently sent her money. He stated that he had sent her 5s about three weeks ago and since then he sent her 9s. When asked what the money was for, he claimed it was to pay her back for a previous loan.

By this time it was clear that Mr Webster had quite enough, as he told the inquest that Towns obviously knew more than he cared to tell. He said that he believed that although Mrs Denham wasn’t the mother of the child, she clearly knew who was. He advised the jury therefore to return an open verdict and leave the rest to the police. The jury accordingly returned a verdict ‘that the deceased was found dead in a box in a railway carriage addressed to William Jones or Towns, but how it came by its death there was no evidence to show.’